Years ago, Vitalik Buterin set the tone for the future of Ethereum: All in ZK! Whether it's Layer 2 scaling or on-chain privacy, ZK is seen as the ultimate solution. But ideals are beautiful, while reality is harsh. What is the biggest bottleneck of ZK technology? — Proof generation. In simple terms, generating a ZK proof requires extremely intensive mathematical calculations. If you run it on a regular CPU, it could take several hours, and the costs are astonishingly high. It's like wanting to build a skyscraper (ZK application), but your only tool is a small hammer (CPU); the efficiency is too low to scale. This is the "Achilles' heel" faced by the entire ZK track. Whoever can solve this problem will grasp the "water, electricity, and coal" of the ZK era, becoming the true king of underlying computing infrastructure. To address this core pain point, @cysic_xyz has chosen a phased, full-stack technical route — breaking through the limits of ZK computation step by step, from software to hardware: Software layer (GPU): Developed an optimized GPU software library compatible with mainstream proof systems like Plonky2 and Halo2, significantly improving the computational efficiency of existing hardware. This allows Cysic to provide usable solutions to partners (like Scroll and Succinct) early on. Programmable hardware layer (FPGA): Before dedicated chips mature, the team uses FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) as a transitional solution. FPGA's performance surpasses that of GPUs and offers programmable flexibility, helping the team gain a competitive edge in early product performance. Dedicated chip (ASIC): Cysic is developing its first ZK dedicated chip — C1, and plans to launch two hardware products based on it — the portable device ZK Air and the high-performance device ZK Pro aimed at enterprise applications. Overall, the future of ZK is broad. Cysic has chosen a challenging but highly promising direction, providing underlying computing power for the ZK ecosystem through a combination of software and hardware. If successful, it will become an important infrastructure project in the ZK ecosystem. #cysicphaseIII #cysic @pulse327 #ai #depin @JOPI_piging